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prefix

先: first; former

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning

 

先 xiān

adverb
: first
: former, previous

Kun Reading

先 | さき saki

noun | no-adjective | noun suffix | prefix
: previous; prior; former; some time ago; preceding
: point (e.g. pencil); tip; end; nozzle
: head (of a line); front
: ahead; the other side
: the future; hereafter
: destination
: the other party

先に | さきに sakini

adverb | noun
: before; earlier than; ahead; beyond; away; previously; recently

先んじる | さきんじる sakinjiru

ichidan verb | intransitive verb
: to precede; to forestall; to anticipate

先 | まず mazu

adverb
: (Usually written using kana alone) first (of all); to start with; about; almost; anyway; well; now
: hardly (with neg. verb)

On Reading

先 | せん sen

no-adjective | noun
: former; previous; old
: first move (in go, shogi, etc.); opening move

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數: number; to enumerate; frequently

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning, Music

 

數 [数] shù

noun
: number; figure; several

數 [数] shǔ

verb
: to enumerate; to count
: to criticize (i.e. enumerate shortcomings)

數 [数] shuò


: frequently; repeatedly

Kun Reading

数 | かず kazu

noun
: number; amount

数 | かぞえ kazoe

noun
: old manner of reckoning one’s age, newborns being considered a year old, with everyone adding one year to their age at New Year’s

数 | しばしば shibashiba

adverb
: often; again and again; frequently

数える | かぞえる kazoeru

ichidan verb | transitive verb
: to count; to enumerate

On Reading

数 | すう suu

prefix
: several; a number of;
: (noun) number; numeral; figure;
: destiny; fate;
: law

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離: to depart from; from

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning, Music

 

離 [离] lí

verb | preposition
: to leave; to part from; to be away from
: (in giving distances) from
: without (something); independent of
: one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦, symbolizing fire; ☲

Kun Reading

離す | はなす hanasu

godan verb with su ending | transitive verb
: to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart

離れ | はなれ hanare

prefix
: detached (dwelling, room)

離れ | ばなれ banare

godan verb with su ending | transitive verb
: separation from; loss of interest in; independence of; distancing (of oneself) from; disillusionment with; alienation from (something)

離れる | はなれる hanareru

ichidan verb | intransitive verb
: to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
: to leave; to go away
: to leave (a job, etc.); to quit; to give up
: to lose connection with; to drift away from

離しょう | りしょう rishou

noun
: syneresis [contraction of two vowels into a diphthong. Syneresis (chemistry), extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel]

On Reading

離 | り ri

noun
: li (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: fire, south)

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上: on top

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning, Music

 

上 shàng

verb
: on top; upon; above; upper; previous
: first (of multiple parts)
: to climb; to get onto; to go up
: to attend (class or university)

上 shǎng

: 上聲[声] falling and rising tone; third tone in modern Mandarin

Kun Reading

上 | うえ ue

noun | no-adjective | adverbial noun | noun suffix
: above; up; over; elder (e.g. daughter)
: top; summit
: surface; on
: before; previous
: superiority; one’s superior (i.e. one’s elder)
: on top of that; besides; what’s more
: upon (further inspection, etc.); based on (and occurring after)
: matters concerning…; as concerns …
: since (i.e. “for that reason”)
: (Noun suffix) (Honorific or respectful language) suffix indicating higher social standing
: (Archaism) place of one’s superior (i.e. the throne)
: (Archaism) emperor; sovereign; shogun; daimyo
: (Archaism) noblewoman (esp. the wife of a nobleman)

上 | かみ kami

noun
: upper reaches (of a river); upper stream
: top; upper part; upper half (of the body)
: long ago
: beginning; first
: (Honorific or respectful language) person of high rank (e.g. the emperor)
: government; imperial court
: imperial capital (i.e. Kyoto); capital region (i.e. Kansai); region (or direction of) the imperial palace
: head (of a table)
: (Honorific or respectful language) wife; mistress (of a restaurant)

上 | うわ uwa

noun | prefix
: upper; upward; outer; surface; top

上げ | あげ age

noun | noun suffix
: rise in price; making a tuck

上り | のぼり nobori

noun
: ascent; climbing; ascending (path); climb
: up-train (e.g. going to Tokyo)
: () northward (towards Tokyo)

上る | のぼる noboru

godan verb with ru ending | intransitive verb
: to ascend; to go up; to climb
: to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the sun); to rise
: to go to (the capital)
: to be promoted
: to add up to
: to advance (in price)
: to swim up (a river); to sail up
: to come up (on the agenda)

上がる | あがる agaru

godan verb with ru ending | intransitive verb
: to rise; to go up; to come up; to ascend; to be raised
: to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to go in
: to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade
: to get out (of water); to come ashore
: to increase
: to improve; to make progress
: to be promoted; to advance
: to be made (of profit)
: to occur (esp. of a favorable result)
: to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.)
: to be finished; to be done; to be over
: (of rain) to stop; to lift
: to stop (working properly); to cut out; to give out; to die
: to win (in a card game)
: to be spoken loudly
: to get stage fright
: to be offered (to the gods)
: (Humble (kenjougo) language) to go; to visit
: (Honorific or respectful language) to eat; to drink
: to be listed (as a candidate)
: to serve (in one’s master’s home)
: (in Kyoto) to go north; (after the -masu stem of a verb) indicates completion

上げる | あげる ageru

ichidan verb | transitive verb
: to raise; to elevate
: to do up (one’s hair)
: to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to surface (a submarine, etc.)
: to land (a boat)
: to show someone (into a room)
: to send someone (away)
: to enrol (one’s child in school); to enroll
: to increase (price, quality, status, etc.)
: to make (a loud sound); to raise (one’s voice)
: to earn (something desirable)
: to praise
: to give (an example, etc.); to cite
: to summon up (all of one’s energy, etc.)
: (Polite language) to give
: to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.)
: to bear (a child)
: to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding); () (of the tide) to come in
: to vomit
: (Usually written using kana alone) (Polite language) to do for (the sake of someone else); () to complete …
: (Humble (kenjougo) language) to humbly do …

上がり | あがり agari

noun | suffix
: ascent; rise; slope
: freshly-drawn green tea (esp. in sushi shops)
: advance income; crop yield
: death; spinning; completion; stop; finish
: after (rain); ex (official)
: (end) results (e.g. of crafts like painting, pottery, etc.); how something comes out

上で | うえで uete

expression
: upon; after

上は | うえは uewa

conjunction
: now that; since

On Reading

上 | じょう jou

noun suffix
: from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); in the field of; being of the type of
: aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; on; above
: first volume (e.g. book)
: superior quality; best; top; high class
: going up
: governmental; imperial
: presenting; showing
: (Prefix) ana- (medical, biol.)

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短: short; lack

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning

 

短 duǎn

measure word
: short (opposite of long); brief
: lack
: weak point; fault

Kun Reading

短 | みじか mijika

prefix | suffix
: short; brief

短い | みじかい mijikai

adjective
: short

短め | みじかめ mijikame

noun
: rather short; somewhat short

短すぎる | みじかすぎる mijikasugiru

ichidan verb
: to be too short

On Reading

短 | たん tan

noun
: fault; defect; weak point
: minor (music)

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次: next; time

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning, Music

 

次 cì

measure word
: next in sequence
: second; the second (day, time etc); secondary
: vice-; sub-; infra-
: inferior quality; substandard
: order; sequence
: hypo- (chemistry)
: measure word for enumerated events: time

Kun Reading

次 | つぎ tsugi

noun | no-adjective
: next; following; subsequent
: stage; station

次に | つぎに tsugini

conjunction
: next; then; after that

次ぐ | つぐ tsugu

godan verb with gu ending | intransitive verb
: to rank next to; to come after

次いで | ついで tsuide

adverb | conjunction
: next; secondly; subsequently

次なる | つぎなる tsuginaru

noun
: next; the next

On Reading

次 | じ ji

prefix
: next
: hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence)
: (Counter) order; sequence; time; times

し shi

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永: eternal

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning, Music

 

永 yǒng

adjective | verb | adverb
: eternal; forever; always; perpetual

Kun Reading

永 | なが naga

prefix | suffix
: long

永い | ながい nagai

adjective
: long (time); lengthy

永き | ながき nagaki

noun | noun prefix
: long distance; long time

永の | ながの nagano

pre-noun adjectival
: long; eternal

On Reading

えい ei

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當: to serve as; accept | suitable

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning

 

當 [当] dāng

verb | preposition
: to be; to act as
: manage; withstand
: when; during
: ought; should
: match equally; equal; same
: obstruct
: just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at

噹 [当] dāng

onomatopoeia
: dong; ding dong (bell)

當 [当] dàng

adjective | verb
: at or in the very same…
: suitable; adequate; fitting; proper
: to replace; to regard as; to think
: to pawn
: (coll.) to fail (a student)

Kun Reading

当て | あて ate

noun
: aim; object; purpose; end
: expectations; prospects; hopes
: something that can be relied upon
: (Noun suffix) pad; guard
: blow; strike

当り | あたり atari

noun
: hit
: success
: guess; prediction
: affability; friendliness
: sensation; touch
: bruise (on fruit)
: situation in which a stone or chain of stones may be captured on the next move (in the game of go)
: bite (of a fish on a hook); strike
: (Suffix) per; each

当り | とうの touno

pre-noun adjectival
: the … in question

当る | あたる ataru

godan verb with ru | intransitive verb
: to be hit; to strike
: to touch; to be in contact; to be affixed
: to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to apply to
: to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
: to be selected (in a lottery, etc.); to win
: to be successful; to go well; to be a hit
: to face; to confront
: to lie (in the direction of)
: to undertake; to be assigned
: to be stricken (by food poisoning, heat, etc.); to be afflicted
: to be called upon (by the teacher)
: to treat (esp. harshly); to lash out at
: to be unnecessary
: (in baseball) to be hitting well; to be on a hitting streak
: (in fishing) to feel a bite
: (of fruit, etc.) to be bruised; to spoil
: () to feel (something) out; to probe into; to check (i.e. by comparison)
: to shave

当てる | あてる ateru

ichidan verb | transitive verb
: to hit
: to expose
: to apply (e.g. patch)
: to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class)
: to guess (an answer)
: to make a hit (e.g. in a lottery)

On Reading

当 | とう tou

prefix
: this (business organization or place)

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自: self; from

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning, Music
 

自 zì

radical 132 | preposition
: self; oneself; from; since; private

Kun Reading

自ら | みずから mizukara

adverbial noun | noun
: for one’s self; personally

自ずから | おのずから onozukara

adverb
: naturally; as a matter of course

自と | おのずと onozuto

adverb
: naturally

On Reading

自 | じ ji

prefix
: self-
: from …

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過: to cross; to pass

By Chinese Word, Japanese Word, Language-Learning, Music
 

過 [过] guò

verb
: (experienced action marker) to cross; to pass (time); to go over
: to celebrate (a holiday)
: to live; to get along
: excessively; too-

Kun Reading

過ぎ | すぎ sugi

noun | noun suffix
: past; after
: too (much); over (e.g. eating)

過ぎる | すぎる sugiru

ichidan verb | intransitive verb
: to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond
: to pass (i.e. of time); to elapse
: to have expired; to have ended; to be over
: to exceed; to surpass; to be above
: to be no more than …
: () (often used after adjective stems or the -masu stems of verbs) to be excessive; to be too much; to be too …

過す | すごす sugosu

godan verb with su ending | transitive verb
: to pass (time); to spend
: to overdo (esp. of one’s alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol)
: (Archaism) to take care of; to support; () to overdo; to do too much
: to … without acting on it

過る | よぎる yogiru

godan verb with ru ending
: (usually written in kana only) to go by; to cross; to pass by; to float across

過つ | あやまち ayamachi

noun
: fault; error; indiscretion; faux pas

過つ | あやまつ ayamatsu

godan verb with tu ending | intransitive verb
: to err

On Reading

過 | か ka

prefix
: surplus- (attaches to start of Sino-Japanese words); excess-; over-
: per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)

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