The Hakka 客家 (lit. guest families) ancestors, a subgroup of Han Chinese, are said to have migrated from the north of China to today’s central China a thousand years ago: from the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) until the Qing Dynasty (17th century). After the power struggle with the Ming court was eliminated, Kangxi Emperor (1654-1722) issued a royal edict to repopulate the coastal areas, by incentivizing the move with money. The newcomers moving south were registered as “Guest Families” 客戶 kèhù. Through the series of migrations, the Hakka settled in their present locations in southern (ports) China and often used that as a springboard to emigrate throughout the world.
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![橙色cheng2se4: orange (color) [だいだいいろ daidaiiro] 橘ju2: orange/tangerine [たちばな tachibana; きっkitsu]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/orange-808x1024.jpg)
橙 cheng2 | 橘 ju2
noun | adjective
Kun Reading
橙 | だいだい daidai OR 橘 | たちばな tachibana
noun
: bitter orange (Citrus aurantium)
On Reading
とう tou | きっ kitsu
: orange (color & fruit) | orange/tangerine
![黃[黄]huang2: yellow; porn; fall thru [黄 | きki]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/yellowDusk-1024x640.jpg)
![紫zi3: purple; violet; amethyst [むらさきmurasaki; しshi]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PurpleHydrangea-1024x768.jpg)
![藍[蓝]lan2: blue; indigo plant [あい ai: indigo; らん ran]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/blue-1024x1004.jpg)
![灰hui1: ash, dust, gray; discouraged [はい hai; かい kai]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/GRAY_Ashes-1024x672.jpg)
![黑[黒] hei1: black; dark [くろkuro; くろいkuroi]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Black-1024x640.jpg)
黑 hēi
noun | adjective | radical 203
: black; dark
: sinister; secret; shady; illegal
: (loanword) to hack (computing)
Kun Reading
黒 | くろ kuro
noun
: black
: dark
: (Usually written using kana alone) (Manga slang) bad guy; ‘black hat’
黒い | くろい kuroi
adjective
: black
: dark
: illicit; wicked; underground
黒み | くろみ kuromi
noun
: black tinge; black color
: (Archaism) black part; dark spot
On Reading
こく koku
![紅[红] hong2: red; crimson; popular [べに beni; あか aka; あかい akai; こう kou]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/red2-1024x727.jpg)
紅 [红] hong2
noun | adjective
Kun Reading
紅 | べに beni
noun
: deep red; crimson
: rouge; lipstick
紅 | あか aka
noun
: red; crimson; scarlet
: red-containing color (e.g. brown, pink, orange)
: (Colloquialism) Red (i.e. communist)
: (Abbreviation) red light
: (Abbreviation) red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red; () complete; total; perfect; obvious
紅 | あかい akai
adjective
: red
: Red (i.e. communist)
On Reading
紅 | こう kou
noun
: deep red; crimson
![赤chi4: red/scarlet; bare [あかaka; あかいakai]](https://iwork3.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Red-1024x768.jpg)
赤 chi4
noun | radical 155
Kun Reading
赤 | あか aka
noun
: red; crimson; scarlet
: red-containing color (e.g. brown, pink, orange)
: (Colloquialism) Red (i.e. communist)
: (Abbreviation) red light
: (Abbreviation) red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red; () complete; total; perfect; obvious
赤い | あかい akai
adjective
: red
: Red (i.e. communist)
赤み | あかみ akami
noun | no-adjective
: reddish tinge; tinge of red; slight redness; blush
On Reading
せき seki; しゃく shaku
: red/scarlet; communist; bare
